Interview · South Dakota · Stephanie Charging Eagle
Themes: Language & revitalization, Kinship & family, Identity & belonging, Storytelling & oral tradition, Education & learning, Spirituality & ceremony, Values & generosity, Culture & continuity, Listening & observation, Children & young people, Intergenerational learning
Learn About questions
What are the traditional gender differences embedded within the Lakota language?
What are the traditional gender roles within Lakota society?
How do the gender language differences impact or support the gender societal roles in Lakota culture? In what ways are roles and language connected concerning gender?
How are “inter-tribal” relations impacting the preservation of traditional Lakota language?
Why is there an upsurge today of Lakota women using Lakota language patters that were traditionally reserved for Lakota men?
How much change in Lakota language usage and culture is simply the sign of a “living, dynamic” language and society, and how much indicates a true loss of language and culture? who decides this? Who is able to decide this?
What implication to Lakota society are created by Lakota women using words like “hau” or “hoka hey”?
What are some of the other (besides language) traditional Lakota gender markers? How much have those markers changed? How controversial are those other changes in the estimation of traditional Lakota elders?
How many of these changes are done intentionally by fluent Lakota speakers? How many are done unintentionally by less than fluent Lakota speakers? How much difference does intentionality make?
How much current Lakota language us is actually non-Lakota thought patterns translated into Lakota words (like Hinhanni waste)?
How many current Lakota language teachers are fluent first language speakers and how many know Lakota as a “second language”?
How much is the Lakota version of the Berenstain Bears being used in schools? What are the various viewpoints concerning the value and/or danger of this?
What Lakota language learning tools are being developed around traditional stories like the Iktome stories?
Learn From questions
What “gender markers” in language or in other areas are you familiar with?
When you were growing up, what did you learn concerning “boys do this..girls do this?
Have those things changed in the broader society? Have your perceptions of them changed?
How do you balance necessary change with the value of traditional perspectives in your own life?
Have you “broken” some societal rule on accident before? What happened?
Have you ever “broken” a societal rule intentionally to make a point? How did that turn out?
How do you find a balance between conformity and non-conformity?
What might be a good personal rule for discovering NEW ways while giving honor to the TRADITIONAL ways?
How do you feel about the current changes in societal attitudes concerning gender roles and other roles?
Can you think of examples of how the “thought patterns” behind traditional language or cultural practice have changed?
Are there some changes in society that concern you? What are they and why are you concerned?
Are there some changes in language or society that you see now that may cause us to lose or forget something very important over time? What are those changes? What might be done about this?
Can you think of any stories that recently go a “retelling or an “updated version” that you dint’ like for some reason what bothered you about the updated version?
What ideas do YOU have for insuring that indigenous languages don’t disappear? What do you think would be most useful?
Transcripts
Gender & Lakota Thought
Watch this interview on YouTubeGender and Lakota Thought - Stephanie Charging Eagle
I have a bigger concern as far as, you know, at the present, you know, doing something now and that is the female and male genders, how language impacts that, how that impacts how we speak. And you know, in contemporary society, we now have the, you know, the cross gender, which also adds into the whole mix of things. But to put it simply, females and males have their roles in the society and the speech accompanying that. You knew a female by the way they spoke, by the word they spoke, the inflection in their voice, you know, their enunciation.
And we're losing a lot of that because like anything else, when you have intertribal coming in, you have people picking up, you know, other dialects, other patterns of speech. But my concern is, our women, our Lakota women in their speech are talking using male terms. I don't see that happening so much with the male doing that with female terms. They might have an occasional male saying something, you know, inaccurately or inappropriately and that goes back to being taught by a grandmother or some female.
But the female is really, the gender role is really important, significant to the Lakota society, to our children in their quest for cultural identity. Because we base everything on, as a Lakota person, where we come from, how we grew up. But following the protocol, the kinship rules, all of that is all enmeshed. You cannot separate one from the other. And that is my concern, is that women of our generation, whether it's lack of knowledge, just, you know, falling into the whole contemporary age of speaking, are saying words that typically are male.
Like the word, how, you know, that is a male word. But I hear women saying that and I'm like, what? Or the word, hoka hei, that's, I mean, I always, this is how I determine a male and a female appropriate word, is, in my mind, I have to make connections. And I always make a connection for me to understand it better. In Lakota, it's like the word is, has the, the, the o, or the, it's a lower voiced enunciation, like the word hoka hei.
Okay, now for females, that would be, it would not be very, I guess, very womanishly of her to say hoka hei, you know, because that's a male inflection of the voice. And the woman, the male would not say duwale. If you notice the difference in those two words, hoka hei and duwale, you can see that the hoka hei, you would think of the male right away, duwale means is more softer, you know. And so that's how I distinguish male and female.
And I always wonder if our females even understand that, you know, or do they want to be, you know, have some of that generation, generational, you know, stuff.
Come forward and become immersed in it. I don't think so, because some of the ones who speak these words inappropriately or inaccurately are fluent speakers themselves and I don't know if they think that's cool, put them on equal footing with the male, or what. But you know, I frequently hear that in the other words, for example, the word and Lakota thought philosophy is very significant.
It is huge, because everything we say, we think first, and then we say: and so when we talk about Lakota language, we're talking about a very, ancient way of thinking, an ancient way of practicing life, spirituality, whatever. And so when you say, when people today say hihani wa shite, that is actually not Lakota thought, that is English thought being said in Lakota, because all we did was take, we took good morning and we said it in Lakota. But it's not the thought.
And I remember growing up and people would, upon reading each other or seeing each other, they would say hihani lakhti. You know, oh, it's so early in the morning. You know, like: so what are you doing this morning, you know? Or they'd say some greeting like ah, niitai ahe or tooniki jahe, or you know. They say: you know it's inquiring about their well-being, you know, and they don't say good morning because we don't know if it's a good morning for that person. It may be for us, and those are words that we are becoming aware of losing.
You know the thought behind language, and that's really it. That's significant, because, as we have Lakota language teachers who are going into the schools and teaching the language, and many of these teachers are young and they may not be fluent speakers or as first language learners, and so they don't have that Lakota thought and philosophy already. So they are taking English thought and turning it, translating it to Lakota. And a good example of how that happens and it's being used in the classroom is the Berenstain Bears.
Now, that's an English story, English children's story, but it's been taken and translated to Lakota. So you have now a Lakota story with English thought. What really should be happening is we tell our stories, for example, the Iktomi story. Tell that in Lakota to our children so they understand why these stories are. What is the purpose of Berenstain Bears? You know, story to our children, to our way of life.
Resource text
From the current WoLakota source page:
Gender & Lakota Thought
Stephanie Charging Eagle
Transcript
(deep listening, information)
(deep listening, information)
Some indexed text was extracted from scanned material. Check the original source for exact wording and spelling.
Source materials
Transcripts from supplied documents and the current WoLakota source pages. Text preserved as published.